top of page
  • Writer's pictureArnold Schroder

#38: Ethnogenesis pt. 4: Becoming a People in Terra Incognita

(12/20/2021) In this episode, we conclude our broad sweep of human history, venturing fearlessly into the truly tangled wilderness of variables mediating the relationship between technology and hierarchy. We critique Graeber and Wengrow's The Dawn of Everything as a frame for our journey, examining the relationship between civilization, domestication, and human evolution; the cross-species relationship between social form and costly infrastructure; the trend toward technological mass society in early human evolution; the post-materialist shift in the upper Paleolithic; and the conditions necessary for escape cultures. We search for inferences about contemporary revolutionary efforts, examining how strategies of evasion involve social disaggregation and strategies of confrontation involve social cohesion, and emerge from the complexity with an overarching thesis: the strategic advantage of egalitarianism is in its greater capacity for social comprehension.


Bibliography for episode 38:


Bruner, E., et al. (2016) Evidence for expansion of the precuneus in human evolution. Brain Structure and Function doi:10.1007/s00429-015-1172-y


Buff, R. (1993) Gone to Prophetstown: Rumor and History in the Story of Pan-Indian Resistance. In: Sakolsky, R. & Koehnline, J., eds. Gone to Croatan: The Origins of North American Dropout Culture. Autonomedia.


Caesar, J. (2009) The Gallic Wars. Wilder Publications.


Caceres, M., Lachuer, J., Zapala, M. A., Redmond, J. C., Kudo, L., Geschwind, D. H., Lockhart, D. J., Preuss, T. M. & Barlow, C. (2003) Elevated gene expression levels distinguish human from non-human primate brains. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100:13030–5.


Davis, M. (2017) Planet of Slums. Verso Books.


Graeber, D. and Wengrow, D. (2021) The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.


Goodall, J. (1986) Chimpanzees of the Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Harvard University Press.


Gowlett, J. A. J. (2016) The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371: 20150164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0164


Hare, B., Wobber, V., & Wrangham, R. (2012) The self-domestication hypothesis: evolution of bonobo psychology is due to selection against aggression. Animal Behaviour 83:573-85.


Hare, B., Plyusnina, I., Ignacio, N., Schepina, O., Stepika, A., Wrangham, R. & Trut, L. (2005) Social Cognitive Evolution in Captive Foxes Is a Correlated By-Product of Experimental Domestication. Current Biology 15:226–30.


Hare, B., Melis, A., Woods, V., Hastings, S. & Wrangham, R. (2007) Tolerance Allows Bonobos to Outperform Chimpanzees on a Cooperative Task. Current Biology 17:619–23.


Hare, B. & Woods, V. (2020) Survival of the Friendliest: Understanding our Origins and Rediscovering Our common Humanity. Penguin Random House.


Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernandez-Lloreda, M., Hare, B., and Tomasello, M. (2007) Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis. Science 317:1360-6.


Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O. (2008) The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies. W. W. Norton and Company.


Inglehart, R. (1977) The Silent Revolution: Changing Values Among Western Publics. Princeton Legacy Library.


Isaac, B. L. (1977) The Siriono of Eastern Bolivia: A Reexamination. Human Ecology 5(2):137-154.


Jennings, J. and Earle, T. Urbanization, State Formation, and Cooperation: A Reappraisal. Current Anthropology 57(4):474-493.


Isler, K., & van Schaik, C. P. (2012). How Our Ancestors Broke through the Gray Ceiling. Current Anthropology, 53(S6), S453–S465. Doi:10.1086/667623


Junger, S. (2016) Tribe: On Homecoming and Belonging. Twelve.


LaBounty, J., Bosse, L., Savicki, S., King, J., & Eisenstat, S. (2016). Relationship between Social Cognition and Temperament in Preschool-aged Children. Infant and Child Development, 26(2), e1981. doi:10.1002/icd.1981


Lorenz, K. (1970) Studies in Animal and Human Behavior vol. I. Harvard University Press.


Maher, L. A., Richter, T., and Stock, J. T. (2012) The Pre-Natufian Epipaleolithic: Long-term Behavioral Trends in the Levant. Evolutionary Anthropology 21:69-81.


Marlow, F. (2002) Why Do the Hadza Still Forage? In: Ethnicity, Hunter-Gatherers, and the “Other”: Association or Assimilation in Africa, Sue Kent (Ed.) Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp 247-275.


Porter, C. C., & Marlowe, F. W. (2007). How marginal are forager habitats? Journal of Archaeological Science, 34(1), 59–68. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.014


Scott, J. C. (2009) The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. Yale University Press.


Scott, J. C. (2017) Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States. Yale University Press.


Somel, M., Franz, H., Yan, Z., Lorenc, A., Guo, S., Giger, T., Kelso, J., Nickel, B., Dannemann, M. & Bahn, S. (2009) Transcriptional neoteny in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A. 106:5743-8.


Tacitus. (2009) Agricola. Penguin Classics.


Wellman, H. M., Lane, J. D., LaBounty, J., & Olson, S. L. (2011). Observant, nonaggressive temperament predicts theory-of-mind development. Developmental Science, 14(2), 319–326. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00977.x


Wilkins, A. S., Wrangham, R. W., & Fitch, W. T. (2014). The “Domestication Syndrome” in Mammals: A Unified Explanation Based on Neural Crest Cell Behavior and Genetics. Genetics, 197(3), 795–808. doi:10.1534/genetics.114.1654


Wilson, E. O. (2013) The Social Conquest of Earth. Liveright.


Wrangham, R. W. (2009) Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human. Basic Books.


Wrangham, R. W. (2017). Two types of aggression in human evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(2), 245–253. doi:10.1073/pnas.1713611115




627 views0 comments
bottom of page